Ethanol dehydration

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Angel Ethanol Active Dry Yeast, package-10 kg — BTS Engineering
Angel Ethanol Active Dry Yeast, package-10 kg — BTS Engineering
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Ethanol Dewatering Plants


Water with ethanol forms an azeotrope (a mixture of liquids whose composition does not change during boiling), limiting the amount of water eliminated by distillation or rectification. Therefore, dehydration units are used to obtain anhydrous ethanol.

The most widely used and cost-effective technology today is the Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) process with variable pressure. Water is adsorbed in the pores of the so-called molecular sieve, so called because of the ability to "filter out" molecules of a certain size. This sieve is an artificial zeolite – an alkaline aluminosilicate in sodium form. 3A-type zeolite has pores with a diameter of about 0.3 nm. A water molecule (0.28 nm) is retained in pores of this size, but an ethanol molecule (0.44 nm) does not fit. Another common technology of ethanol dehydration is membrane filtration using zeolite membranes deposited on a ceramic base, usually in the form of a pipe.

The equipment based on the use of zeolite membranes has high selectivity, reliability and durability, but requires more thorough preparation of the initial raw alcohol.

There is also a little-used dehydration technology - azeotropic distillation with cyclohexane, benzene, trichloroethane and other solvents. At the same time, after distillation of the azeotropic ethanol- water-solvent mixture, ethanol with a concentration of 99.3-99.8% is obtained.

A molecular sieve-based unit consisting of 2-3 adsorbers is used for complete dehydration of ethyl alcohol. The adsorbers work in turn. Molecular sieve 3A is used as an adsorbent.

Rectified ethyl alcohol is pumped out of the tank through a heat exchanger, where it is heated by hot steam from the adsorbers and then enters the tank with heated rectified ethyl alcohol. The level in the tank is maintained in automatic mode by means of an automatic regulator.

The heated rectified ethyl alcohol is pumped by a circulation pump through a steam heater, where it is heated to the temperature set by the process, and where steam and liquid phases are formed. The heating is carried out by live steam and is regulated by an automatic regulator.

In order to feed the adsorbers only with the vapor phase and have a stable temperature, a superheater is installed, which is supplied with live steam through an automatic regulator. The condensate of live steam is discharged from the heaters into the condensate tank.

The superheated ethyl alcohol vapor passes through an adsorber operating in the dehydration mode. The water molecules present in the steam are discarded into the pores of the molecular sieve. The dehydrated steam at the outlet of the adsorber enters the heat exchangers, where it heats the rectified ethyl alcohol taken for dehydration, then it completely condenses and enters the tank. Dehydrated ethyl alcohol is supplied from the tank to the cooled heat exchanger. The cooled dehydrated ethyl alcohol is pumped through a dispenser into the storage.

After the molecular sieve is saturated with water in the adsorber No. 1, the adsorber No. 2 is started, and the adsorber No. 1 is sent for regeneration. To carry out regeneration in the adsorber No. 1, a vacuum is created by a vacuum pump in order to reduce the boiling point of water and its evaporation. The regeneration cycle of the following adsorbers is similar to the one described above.

The circulating water supply system is used to condense steam of dehydrated ethyl alcohol in heat exchangers. The water cooled in the cooling machine is used to cool the dehydrated ethyl alcohol.

Automatic process control system

Automatic process control system

Automatic process control system Dehydration


Dehydration

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